TY - JOUR
T1 - Achieving immunization agenda 2030 coverage targets for 14 pathogens
T2 - Projected product and immunization delivery costs for 194 Countries, 2021–2030
AU - Sriudomporn, Salin
AU - Watts, Elizabeth
AU - Yoon Sim, So
AU - Hutubessy, Raymond
AU - Patenaude, Bryan
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This work was supported by the World Health Organization [grant numbers: APW 2026743134].
Funding Information:
(In alphabetical order), Technical consultation – expert group:, Logan Brenzel (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), Ulla Griffiths (UNICEF), Todi Mengistu (Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance), Sarah Pallas (US CDC), Karin Stenberg (WHO HGF), Nathalie Vande Maele (WHO IVB), WHO:, Anindya S. Bose (IVB), Craig Burgess (DDI), Antoine Durupt (IVB), Johanna Fihman (IVB), Ann Lindstrand (IVB), Katherine O'Brien (IVB), Karene Yeung (IVB), Minal Patel (IVB), Disclaimer:, The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated. Funding: This work was supported by the World Health Organization [grant numbers: APW 2026743134].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - Understanding the level of investment needed for the next decade is vital to achieve the goal of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Through the immunization funder perspective, this study estimates both global and regional economic resources required to achieve IA2030 coverage among 194 WHO member countries from 2021 to 2030, against 14 pathogens: Hepatitis B (Hep B), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Measles, Meningitis A (Men A), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rotavirus, Rubella, Yellow Fever (YF), Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Tuberculosis. The total cost of immunization program, routine vaccine, routine delivery, and non-routine costs (SIA and stockpile) were estimated using WHO coverage forecast for IA2030. Incremental costs of achieving IA2030 for all vaccines and cost per immunized child were also assessed. All costs were calculated for each income and regional level, as well as global level. Scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to account for uncertainty in future vaccine pricing and delivery costs. The total cost of immunization programs is $269.8 billion (95% confidence interval: $247.1 - $311.8), of which $152.8 billion is considered as routine vaccine cost, $114.9 billion is routine delivery cost. Non– routine cost for LICs and LMICs totaled $2.1 billion. The incremental cost of achieving coverage goals after 2020 is $89.9 billion ($27.7-$110.1), with upper-middle income countries requiring the largest increase in investment (56.2% of incremental costs). The average immunization cost per child across all countries is $192.6. Scenario analysis using the minimum and maximum vaccines price for fully self-financing countries resulted in total costs ranging from $193.6 and $552.2 billion. The immunization program cost among 194 WHO member countries is expected to increase during this decade. The strategy for resource mobilization and increasing investment from country governments and donors are essential to achieving IA2030 coverage and ensuring sustainable immunization programs.
AB - Understanding the level of investment needed for the next decade is vital to achieve the goal of Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030). Through the immunization funder perspective, this study estimates both global and regional economic resources required to achieve IA2030 coverage among 194 WHO member countries from 2021 to 2030, against 14 pathogens: Hepatitis B (Hep B), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Measles, Meningitis A (Men A), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Rotavirus, Rubella, Yellow Fever (YF), Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, and Tuberculosis. The total cost of immunization program, routine vaccine, routine delivery, and non-routine costs (SIA and stockpile) were estimated using WHO coverage forecast for IA2030. Incremental costs of achieving IA2030 for all vaccines and cost per immunized child were also assessed. All costs were calculated for each income and regional level, as well as global level. Scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to account for uncertainty in future vaccine pricing and delivery costs. The total cost of immunization programs is $269.8 billion (95% confidence interval: $247.1 - $311.8), of which $152.8 billion is considered as routine vaccine cost, $114.9 billion is routine delivery cost. Non– routine cost for LICs and LMICs totaled $2.1 billion. The incremental cost of achieving coverage goals after 2020 is $89.9 billion ($27.7-$110.1), with upper-middle income countries requiring the largest increase in investment (56.2% of incremental costs). The average immunization cost per child across all countries is $192.6. Scenario analysis using the minimum and maximum vaccines price for fully self-financing countries resulted in total costs ranging from $193.6 and $552.2 billion. The immunization program cost among 194 WHO member countries is expected to increase during this decade. The strategy for resource mobilization and increasing investment from country governments and donors are essential to achieving IA2030 coverage and ensuring sustainable immunization programs.
KW - Cost
KW - Economics
KW - Immunisation
KW - Investment
KW - Vaccine
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100256
DO - 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100256
M3 - Article
C2 - 36686400
AN - SCOPUS:85145985538
SN - 2590-1362
VL - 13
JO - Vaccine: X
JF - Vaccine: X
M1 - 100256
ER -