A snapshot of the vast array of diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents

Dario Livio Longo, Antonella Carella, Alessia Corrado, Elisa Pirotta, Zinia Mohanta, Aruna Singh, Julia Stabinska, Guanshu Liu, Michael T. McMahon

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Since the inception of CEST MRI in the 1990s, a number of compounds have been identified as suitable for generating contrast, including paramagnetic lanthanide complexes, hyperpolarized atom cages and, most interesting, diamagnetic compounds. In the past two decades, there has been a major emphasis in this field on the identification and application of diamagnetic compounds that have suitable biosafety profiles for usage in medical applications. Even in the past five years there has been a tremendous growth in their numbers, with more and more emphasis being placed on finding those that can be ultimately used for patient studies on clinical 3 T scanners. At this point, a number of endogenous compounds present in tissue have been identified, and also natural and synthetic organic compounds that can be administered to highlight pathology via CEST imaging. Here we will provide a very extensive snapshot of the types of diamagnetic compound that can generate CEST MRI contrast, together with guidance on their utility on typical preclinical and clinical scanners and a review of the applications that might benefit the most from this new technology.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere4715
JournalNMR in biomedicine
Volume36
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Medicine
  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
  • Spectroscopy

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