TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of tobacco smoking in adolescents
T2 - Treatment implications
AU - Moolchan, Eric T.
AU - Ernst, Monique
AU - Henningfield, Jack E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This report was supported by NIDA Intramural funds. The authors acknowledge Alcksandras Radzius for his contribution to the manuscript.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Objective: To review current data on the tobacco epidemic in adolescents that impact treatment decisions. Method: Epidemiological and pharmacological data, risk factors, characteristics of nicotine use in adolescents, and treatment intervention reports from the literature are discussed. Results: Of students in grades 9 to 12, 42 7% have used tobacco; 75% of teenage smokers will smoke as adults. Environmental and biological factors influence adolescent smoking, including sociodevelopmental aspects of adolescence, psychiatric history, genetic background, ethnic and gender characteristics, drug effects, and regulatory factors. Criteria for nicotine dependence are currently based on the experience with adult smokers. Overall, smoking cessation treatment for adolescents has been disappointing because of low participation, high attrition, and low quit rates. Conclusion: Characterization of nicotine dependence and further assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatment interventions in adolescents are needed given the formidable challenge of the tobacco epidemic in adolescents.
AB - Objective: To review current data on the tobacco epidemic in adolescents that impact treatment decisions. Method: Epidemiological and pharmacological data, risk factors, characteristics of nicotine use in adolescents, and treatment intervention reports from the literature are discussed. Results: Of students in grades 9 to 12, 42 7% have used tobacco; 75% of teenage smokers will smoke as adults. Environmental and biological factors influence adolescent smoking, including sociodevelopmental aspects of adolescence, psychiatric history, genetic background, ethnic and gender characteristics, drug effects, and regulatory factors. Criteria for nicotine dependence are currently based on the experience with adult smokers. Overall, smoking cessation treatment for adolescents has been disappointing because of low participation, high attrition, and low quit rates. Conclusion: Characterization of nicotine dependence and further assessment of the safety and efficacy of pharmacological treatment interventions in adolescents are needed given the formidable challenge of the tobacco epidemic in adolescents.
KW - Cessation
KW - Reduction
KW - Review
KW - Tobacco
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U2 - 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00006
DO - 10.1097/00004583-200006000-00006
M3 - Review article
C2 - 10846302
AN - SCOPUS:0034085149
SN - 0890-8567
VL - 39
SP - 682
EP - 693
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 6
ER -