TY - JOUR
T1 - A Review of the Clinical Side Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2
AU - James, Aaron W.
AU - LaChaud, Gregory
AU - Shen, Jia
AU - Asatrian, Greg
AU - Nguyen, Vi
AU - Zhang, Xinli
AU - Ting, Kang
AU - Soo, Chia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved osteoinductive growth factor used as a bone graft substitute. However, with increasing clinical use of BMP-2, a growing and well-documented side effect profile has emerged. This includes postoperative inflammation and associated adverse effects, ectopic bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and inappropriate adipogenesis. Several large-scale studies have confirmed the relative frequency of adverse events associated with the clinical use of BMP-2, including life-threatening cervical spine swelling. In fact, the FDA has issued a warning of the potential life-threatening complications of BMP-2. This review summarizes the known adverse effects of BMP-2, including controversial areas such as tumorigenesis. Next, select animal models that replicate BMP-2's adverse clinical effects are discussed. Finally, potential molecules to mitigate the adverse effects of BMP-2 are reviewed. In summary, BMP-2 is a potent osteoinductive cytokine that has indeed revolutionized the bone graft substitute market; however, it simultaneously has accrued a worrisome side effect profile. Better understanding of these adverse effects among both translational scientists and clinicians will help determine the most appropriate and safe use of BMP-2 in the clinical setting.
AB - Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved osteoinductive growth factor used as a bone graft substitute. However, with increasing clinical use of BMP-2, a growing and well-documented side effect profile has emerged. This includes postoperative inflammation and associated adverse effects, ectopic bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and inappropriate adipogenesis. Several large-scale studies have confirmed the relative frequency of adverse events associated with the clinical use of BMP-2, including life-threatening cervical spine swelling. In fact, the FDA has issued a warning of the potential life-threatening complications of BMP-2. This review summarizes the known adverse effects of BMP-2, including controversial areas such as tumorigenesis. Next, select animal models that replicate BMP-2's adverse clinical effects are discussed. Finally, potential molecules to mitigate the adverse effects of BMP-2 are reviewed. In summary, BMP-2 is a potent osteoinductive cytokine that has indeed revolutionized the bone graft substitute market; however, it simultaneously has accrued a worrisome side effect profile. Better understanding of these adverse effects among both translational scientists and clinicians will help determine the most appropriate and safe use of BMP-2 in the clinical setting.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84980016064&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84980016064&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0357
DO - 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0357
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26857241
AN - SCOPUS:84980016064
SN - 1937-3368
VL - 22
SP - 284
EP - 297
JO - Tissue Engineering - Part B: Reviews
JF - Tissue Engineering - Part B: Reviews
IS - 4
ER -