TY - JOUR
T1 - A rapid quantification of binocular misalignment without recording eye movements
T2 - Vertical and torsional alignment nulling
AU - Beaton, Kara H.
AU - Shelhamer, Mark J.
AU - Roberts, Dale C.
AU - Schubert, Michael C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by NASA through the Human Research Program grant NNX10AO19G and Department of Defense grant W81XWH-15-1-0442. The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Daniel Gold for review and Dr. Elizabeth Colantuoni and Dr Chuck Rohde for their assistance with statistical analyses. Finally, we thank Mehdi Rahman, Nicolas Valentin Contreras and Natan Davidovich for development and use of the binocular video-oculography equipment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/5/1
Y1 - 2017/5/1
N2 - Background Small, innate asymmetries between the left and right otolith organs can cause ocular misalignment with symptoms that include double vision and motion sickness. Additionally, ocular misalignment affects nearly 5% of the US population. We have developed a portable, non-invasive technology that uses subjective perception of binocular visual signals to estimate relative binocular alignment. New method and results The Vertical Alignment Nulling (VAN) and Torsional Alignment Nulling (TAN) tests ask subjects to view one red and one blue line on a tablet computer while looking through color-matched red and blue filters so that each eye sees only one of the lines. Subjects align the red and blue lines, which are initially vertically offset from one another during VAN or rotated relative to one another during TAN, until they perceive a single continuous line. Ocular misalignments are inferred from actual offsets in the final line positions. During testing, all binocular visual cues are eliminated by employing active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) technology and testing in darkness. VAN and TAN can accurately account for visual offsets induced by prisms, and test-retest reliability is excellent, with resolution better than many current standard clinical tests. Comparison with existing method(s) VAN and TAN tests are similar to the clinical Lancaster red-green test. However, VAN and TAN employ inexpensive, hand-held hardware that can be self-administered with results that are quickly quantifiable. Conclusions VAN and TAN provide simple, sensitive, and quantitative measures of binocular positioning alignment that may be useful for detecting subtle abnormalities in ocular positioning.
AB - Background Small, innate asymmetries between the left and right otolith organs can cause ocular misalignment with symptoms that include double vision and motion sickness. Additionally, ocular misalignment affects nearly 5% of the US population. We have developed a portable, non-invasive technology that uses subjective perception of binocular visual signals to estimate relative binocular alignment. New method and results The Vertical Alignment Nulling (VAN) and Torsional Alignment Nulling (TAN) tests ask subjects to view one red and one blue line on a tablet computer while looking through color-matched red and blue filters so that each eye sees only one of the lines. Subjects align the red and blue lines, which are initially vertically offset from one another during VAN or rotated relative to one another during TAN, until they perceive a single continuous line. Ocular misalignments are inferred from actual offsets in the final line positions. During testing, all binocular visual cues are eliminated by employing active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) technology and testing in darkness. VAN and TAN can accurately account for visual offsets induced by prisms, and test-retest reliability is excellent, with resolution better than many current standard clinical tests. Comparison with existing method(s) VAN and TAN tests are similar to the clinical Lancaster red-green test. However, VAN and TAN employ inexpensive, hand-held hardware that can be self-administered with results that are quickly quantifiable. Conclusions VAN and TAN provide simple, sensitive, and quantitative measures of binocular positioning alignment that may be useful for detecting subtle abnormalities in ocular positioning.
KW - Dissociative test
KW - Heterophoria test
KW - Ocular misalignment test
KW - Otolith asymmetry
KW - Retinal disparity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.009
DO - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.03.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 28300605
AN - SCOPUS:85016145848
SN - 0165-0270
VL - 283
SP - 7
EP - 14
JO - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
JF - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
ER -