TY - JOUR
T1 - A Pilot Study of Self-Rated and Psychophysical Olfactory Dysfunction in Men Living with HIV
AU - Kamath, Vidyulata
AU - Del Bene, Victor A.
AU - Collette, Christopher
AU - Jacob, Alexandra
AU - Fazeli, Pariya L.
AU - Vance, David E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a NIH/NIA P30-award (Deep South Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR); P30 AG031054), NIH/NIMH R01-award (1R01MH106366-01A1), and by a NIH/NIA P30-award (Edward R. Roybal Center for Translational Research in Aging and Mobility; P30 AG022838). Dr. Kamath receives support from R01AG064093 and R01NS108452.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Background: Olfactory loss is associated with poor quality of life, malnutrition, and increased risk of depression, yet few studies have examined unawareness of olfactory dysfunction in men living with HIV (MLWH). Method: MLWH (n = 51) completed olfaction self-ratings, psychophysical odor identification testing, cognitive measures, and questionnaires assessing smell habits, mood, cognitive failures, and quality of life. The sensitivity and specificity of olfactory self-ratings was calculated, and t-tests were used to examine factors contributing to discordance between self-rated and psychophysical olfaction dysfunction. Results: We found that 33.3% (17 of 51 MLWH) of our sample demonstrated discordance between self-reported and psychophysical olfactory scores. Those unaware of olfaction dysfunction reported using less scented products in daily life but showed no other differences across demographic, clinical, or cognitive indices. Conclusions: Our results cohere with prior studies of cognitively normal older adults, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson’s disease, which found that olfactory self-ratings may inadequately capture the full range of a person’s olfactory status. Our work extends these findings to MLWH, with discordance rates ranging from 35 to 61% for self-rated and psychophysical olfactory dysfunction. Implications: Given the differing rates of self-rated and psychophysical olfaction in our sample, psychophysical olfactory measures may be useful to consider in the neuropsychological assessment and clinical care of PLWH.
AB - Background: Olfactory loss is associated with poor quality of life, malnutrition, and increased risk of depression, yet few studies have examined unawareness of olfactory dysfunction in men living with HIV (MLWH). Method: MLWH (n = 51) completed olfaction self-ratings, psychophysical odor identification testing, cognitive measures, and questionnaires assessing smell habits, mood, cognitive failures, and quality of life. The sensitivity and specificity of olfactory self-ratings was calculated, and t-tests were used to examine factors contributing to discordance between self-rated and psychophysical olfaction dysfunction. Results: We found that 33.3% (17 of 51 MLWH) of our sample demonstrated discordance between self-reported and psychophysical olfactory scores. Those unaware of olfaction dysfunction reported using less scented products in daily life but showed no other differences across demographic, clinical, or cognitive indices. Conclusions: Our results cohere with prior studies of cognitively normal older adults, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson’s disease, which found that olfactory self-ratings may inadequately capture the full range of a person’s olfactory status. Our work extends these findings to MLWH, with discordance rates ranging from 35 to 61% for self-rated and psychophysical olfactory dysfunction. Implications: Given the differing rates of self-rated and psychophysical olfaction in our sample, psychophysical olfactory measures may be useful to consider in the neuropsychological assessment and clinical care of PLWH.
KW - Chemosensory
KW - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
KW - Hyposmia
KW - Smell
KW - Unawareness
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U2 - 10.1007/s12078-022-09305-x
DO - 10.1007/s12078-022-09305-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 36406043
AN - SCOPUS:85141761737
SN - 1936-5802
VL - 15
SP - 175
EP - 184
JO - Chemosensory Perception
JF - Chemosensory Perception
IS - 2
ER -