TY - JOUR
T1 - A new method to measure air-borne pyrogens based on human whole blood cytokine response
AU - Kindinger, Ilona
AU - Daneshian, Mardas
AU - Baur, Hans
AU - Gabrio, Thomas
AU - Hofmann, Andreas
AU - Fennrich, Stefan
AU - Von Aulock, Sonja
AU - Hartung, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, Germany, Grant KF 0315701 KRF1. A patent (T.H.) of the method is pending.
PY - 2005/3
Y1 - 2005/3
N2 - Air-borne microorganisms, as well as their fragments and components, are increasingly recognized to be associated with pulmonary diseases, e.g. organic dust toxic syndrome, humidifier lung, building-related illness, "Monday sickness." We have previously described and validated a new method for the detection of pyrogenic (fever-inducing) microbial contaminations in injectable drugs, based on the inflammatory reaction of human blood to pyrogens. We have now adapted this test to evaluate the total inflammatory capacity of air samples. Air was drawn onto PTFE membrane filters, which were incubated with human whole blood from healthy volunteers inside the collection device. Cytokine release was measured by ELISA. The test detects endotoxins and non-endotoxins, such as fungal spores, Gram-positive bacteria and their lipoteichoic acid moiety and pyrogenic dust particles with high sensitivity, thus reflecting the total inflammatory capacity of a sample. When air from different surroundings such as working environments and animal housing was assayed, the method yielded reproducible data which correlated with other parameters of microbial burden tested. We further developed a standard material for quantification and showed that this assay can be performed with cryopreserved as well as fresh blood. The method offers a test to measure the integral inflammatory capacity of air-borne microbial contaminations relevant to humans. It could thus be employed to assess air quality in different living and work environments.
AB - Air-borne microorganisms, as well as their fragments and components, are increasingly recognized to be associated with pulmonary diseases, e.g. organic dust toxic syndrome, humidifier lung, building-related illness, "Monday sickness." We have previously described and validated a new method for the detection of pyrogenic (fever-inducing) microbial contaminations in injectable drugs, based on the inflammatory reaction of human blood to pyrogens. We have now adapted this test to evaluate the total inflammatory capacity of air samples. Air was drawn onto PTFE membrane filters, which were incubated with human whole blood from healthy volunteers inside the collection device. Cytokine release was measured by ELISA. The test detects endotoxins and non-endotoxins, such as fungal spores, Gram-positive bacteria and their lipoteichoic acid moiety and pyrogenic dust particles with high sensitivity, thus reflecting the total inflammatory capacity of a sample. When air from different surroundings such as working environments and animal housing was assayed, the method yielded reproducible data which correlated with other parameters of microbial burden tested. We further developed a standard material for quantification and showed that this assay can be performed with cryopreserved as well as fresh blood. The method offers a test to measure the integral inflammatory capacity of air-borne microbial contaminations relevant to humans. It could thus be employed to assess air quality in different living and work environments.
KW - Air quality
KW - Air-borne pyrogens
KW - Pyrogen test
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jim.2005.01.006
DO - 10.1016/j.jim.2005.01.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 15847804
AN - SCOPUS:17444383440
VL - 298
SP - 143
EP - 153
JO - Journal of Immunological Methods
JF - Journal of Immunological Methods
SN - 0022-1759
IS - 1-2
ER -