@article{43d4d11a93ed4e80a7c2220f35edc1db,
title = "A framework to monitor changes in transmission and epidemiology of emerging pathogens: Lessons from nipah virus",
abstract = "It is of uttermost importance that the global health community develops the surveillance capability to effectively monitor emerging zoonotic pathogens that constitute a major and evolving threat for human health. In this study, we propose a comprehensive framework to measure changes in (1) spillover risk, (2) interhuman transmission, and (3) morbidity/mortality associated with infections based on 6 epidemiological key indicators derived from routine surveillance. We demonstrate the indicators{\textquoteright} value for the retrospective or real-time assessment of changes in transmission and epidemiological characteristics using data collected through a long-standing, systematic, hospital-based surveillance system for Nipah virus in Bangladesh. We show that although interhuman transmission and morbidity/mortality indicators were stable, the number and geographic extent of spillovers varied significantly over time. This combination of systematic surveillance and active tracking of transmission and epidemiological indicators should be applied to other high-risk emerging pathogens to prevent public health emergencies.",
keywords = "Emerging pathogens, Monitoring, Nipah virus, Surveillance",
author = "Birgit Nikolay and Henrik Salje and Khan, {A. K.M.Dawlat} and Sazzad, {Hossain M.S.} and Satter, {Syed M.} and Mahmudur Rahman and Stephanie Doan and Barbara Knust and Flora, {Meerjady Sabrina} and Luby, {Stephen P.} and Simon Cauchemez and Gurley, {Emily S.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support. This work was funded by an National Institutes of Health grant for Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases (Grant Numer 2R01-TW005869) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to its research efforts. icddr,b is thankful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden, and the United Kingdom for providing core/unrestricted support. B. N., H. S., and S. C. acknowledge the support from the Laboratory of Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study Initiative, and the AXA Research Fund and the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005). This research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA PREEMPT # D18AC00031. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. icddr,b acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.1093/INFDIS/JIAA074",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "221",
pages = "S363--S369",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
}