TY - GEN
T1 - A compact, inexpensive infrared laser system for continuous-wave optical stimulation of the rat prostate cavernous nerves
AU - Perkins, William C.
AU - Lagoda, Gwen A.
AU - Burnett, Arthur L.
AU - Fried, Nathaniel M.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Optical nerve stimulation (ONS) has been commonly performed in the laboratory using high-power, pulsed, infrared (IR) lasers including Holmium:YAG, diode, and Thulium fiber lasers. However, the relatively high cost of these lasers in comparison with conventional electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) equipment may represent a significant barrier to widespread adoption of ONS. Optical stimulation of the prostate cavernous nerves (CNas) has recently been reported using lower cost, continuous-wave (CW), all-fiber-based diode lasers. This preliminary study describes further miniaturization and cost reduction of the ONS system in the form of a compact, lightweight, cordless, and inexpensive IR laser. A 140-mW, 1560-nm diode laser was integrated with a green aiming beam and delivery optics into a compact ONS system. Surface and subsurface ONS was performed in a total of 5 rats, in vivo, with measurement of an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response during CW laser irradiation for 30 s with a spot diameter of 0.7 mm. Short-term, CW ONS of the prostate CNas is feasible using a compact, inexpensive, batterypowered IR laser diode system. This ONS system may represent an alternative to ENS for laboratory studies, and with further development, a handheld option for ONS in the clinic to identify and preserve the CNas during prostate cancer surgery.
AB - Optical nerve stimulation (ONS) has been commonly performed in the laboratory using high-power, pulsed, infrared (IR) lasers including Holmium:YAG, diode, and Thulium fiber lasers. However, the relatively high cost of these lasers in comparison with conventional electrical nerve stimulation (ENS) equipment may represent a significant barrier to widespread adoption of ONS. Optical stimulation of the prostate cavernous nerves (CNas) has recently been reported using lower cost, continuous-wave (CW), all-fiber-based diode lasers. This preliminary study describes further miniaturization and cost reduction of the ONS system in the form of a compact, lightweight, cordless, and inexpensive IR laser. A 140-mW, 1560-nm diode laser was integrated with a green aiming beam and delivery optics into a compact ONS system. Surface and subsurface ONS was performed in a total of 5 rats, in vivo, with measurement of an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response during CW laser irradiation for 30 s with a spot diameter of 0.7 mm. Short-term, CW ONS of the prostate CNas is feasible using a compact, inexpensive, batterypowered IR laser diode system. This ONS system may represent an alternative to ENS for laboratory studies, and with further development, a handheld option for ONS in the clinic to identify and preserve the CNas during prostate cancer surgery.
KW - Cavernous nerves
KW - Infrared
KW - Laser
KW - Neurovascular bundle
KW - Optical nerve stimulation
KW - Prostate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84897478736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84897478736&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1117/12.2043189
DO - 10.1117/12.2043189
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84897478736
SN - 9780819498397
T3 - Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
BT - Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics X
PB - SPIE
T2 - Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics X
Y2 - 1 February 2014 through 2 February 2014
ER -