@article{8802c5acfd4a4e7cb535954682e1e0ee,
title = "A collective route to metastasis: Seeding by tumor cell clusters",
abstract = "Despite decades of study, there are still many unanswered questions about metastasis, the process by which a localized cancer becomes a systemic disease. One of these questions is the nature of the tumor cells that give rise to metastases. Although conventional models suggest that metastases are seeded by single cells from the primary tumor, there is growing evidence that seeding requires the collective action of tumor cells traveling together in clusters. Here, we review this evidence, which comes from analysis of both experimental models and patient samples. We present a model of metastatic dissemination that highlights the activities of clusters of tumor cells that retain and require their epithelial properties.",
author = "Cheung, {Kevin J.} and Ewald, {Andrew J.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank S. Marshall and P. Tran for critical comments on the manuscript and B. Moore for the image in Fig. 1B. K.J.C. is supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award for Medical Scientists. A.J.E. is supported by a Research Scholar Grant (RSG-12-141-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society, funds from the NIH/National Cancer Institute (P30 CA006973), funds from the Cindy Rosencrans Fund for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Research, a Research Leadership Award from the Metastatic Breast Cancer Network, and an award from The Pink Agenda and The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. We apologize to the authors whose work we could not cite because of space constraints. The authors are coinventors on a patent application (U.S. 14/276,099) filed by The Johns Hopkins University that is related to the use of K14 as a biomarker for identifying patients at elevated risk of metastasis.",
year = "2016",
month = apr,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1126/science.aaf6546",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "352",
pages = "167--169",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6282",
}