TY - JOUR
T1 - βa3/A1-crystallin and persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) disease of the eye
AU - Zigler, J. Samuel
AU - Valapala, Mallika
AU - Shang, Peng
AU - Hose, Stacey
AU - Goldberg, Morton F.
AU - Sinha, Debasish
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2016/1
Y1 - 2016/1
N2 - Background Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a human disease in which the fetal vasculature of the eye fails to regress normally. The fetal, or hyaloid, vasculature nourishes the lens and retina during ocular development, subsequently regressing after formation of the retinal vessels. PFV causes serious congenital pathologies and is responsible for as much as 5% of blindness in the United States. Scope of review The causes of PFV are poorly understood, however there are a number of animal models in which aspects of the disease are present. One such model results from mutation or elimination of the gene (Cryba1) encoding βA3/A1-crystallin. In this review we focus on the possible mechanisms whereby loss of functional βA3/A1-crystallin might lead to PFV. Major conclusions Cryba1 is abundantly expressed in the lens, but is also expressed in certain other ocular cells, including astrocytes. In animal models lacking βA3/A1-crystallin, astrocyte numbers are increased and they migrate abnormally from the retina to ensheath the persistent hyaloid artery. Evidence is presented that the absence of functional βA3/A1-crystallin causes failure of the normal acidification of endolysosomal compartments in the astrocytes, leading to impairment of certain critical signaling pathways, including mTOR and Notch/STAT3. General significance The findings suggest that impaired endolysosomal signaling in ocular astrocytes can cause PFV disease, by adversely affecting the vascular remodeling processes essential to ocular development, including regression of the fetal vasculature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
AB - Background Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a human disease in which the fetal vasculature of the eye fails to regress normally. The fetal, or hyaloid, vasculature nourishes the lens and retina during ocular development, subsequently regressing after formation of the retinal vessels. PFV causes serious congenital pathologies and is responsible for as much as 5% of blindness in the United States. Scope of review The causes of PFV are poorly understood, however there are a number of animal models in which aspects of the disease are present. One such model results from mutation or elimination of the gene (Cryba1) encoding βA3/A1-crystallin. In this review we focus on the possible mechanisms whereby loss of functional βA3/A1-crystallin might lead to PFV. Major conclusions Cryba1 is abundantly expressed in the lens, but is also expressed in certain other ocular cells, including astrocytes. In animal models lacking βA3/A1-crystallin, astrocyte numbers are increased and they migrate abnormally from the retina to ensheath the persistent hyaloid artery. Evidence is presented that the absence of functional βA3/A1-crystallin causes failure of the normal acidification of endolysosomal compartments in the astrocytes, leading to impairment of certain critical signaling pathways, including mTOR and Notch/STAT3. General significance The findings suggest that impaired endolysosomal signaling in ocular astrocytes can cause PFV disease, by adversely affecting the vascular remodeling processes essential to ocular development, including regression of the fetal vasculature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
KW - Astrocytes
KW - Fetal/hyaloid vasculature
KW - Notch/STAT signaling
KW - PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling
KW - Vascular remodeling
KW - βA3/A1-crystallin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.017
DO - 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26022148
AN - SCOPUS:84948396794
SN - 0304-4165
VL - 1860
SP - 287
EP - 298
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects
IS - 1
ER -