α-thrombin induces rapid and sustained Akt phosphorylation by β-arrestin1-dependent and -independent mechanisms, and only the sustained Akt phosphorylation is essential for G1 phase progression

Reema Goel, Polly J. Phillips-Mason, Daniel M. Raben, Joseph J. Baldassare

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

81 Scopus citations

Abstract

In Chinese hamster embryonic fibroblasts (IIC9 cells) α-thrombin activates the MAPK(ERK) and phosphatidyl-inositol 3-OH-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt pathways, and both are essential for progression through the G1, phase of the cell cycle. We investigated in IIC9 cells, the role of β-arrestin1 in α-thrombin signaling to these pathways. α-Thrombin stimulates rapid and sustained PI 3-kinase and Akt activities. Expression of a dominant negative 13-arrestin1 (β-arrestin1(V53D)) inhibits rapid but not sustained PI 3-kinase and Akt activities. Surprisingly, expression of β-arrestin1(V53D) does not block activation of the MAPK(ERK) pathway. PI 3-kinase and Akt activities are also inhibited by expression of a β-arrestin1 mutant, which impairs binding to c-Src (β-arrestin1(P91G-P121E)), indicating the involvement of c-Src in the rapid stimulation of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Consistent with these results, PP1, a selective inhibitor of c-Src family kinases, prevents α-thrombin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Expression of β-arrestin1(V53D) does not prevent G1 progression, as its expression has no effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. In agreement with the ineffectiveness of β-arrestin1(V53D) to block G1, progression, cyclin D1 protein amounts and CDK4-cyclin D1 activity is unaffected by expression of β-arrestin1(V53D). Thus in IIC9 cells, α-thrombin activates rapid β-arrestin1-dependent and sustained β-arrestin1-independent Akt activity, suggesting that two mechanisms are involved. Furthermore, although blocking the β-arrestin1-independent PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway prevents G1, progression, inhibition of the β-arrestin1-dependent pathway does not, indicating different roles for the rapid and sustained activities.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)18640-18648
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume277
Issue number21
DOIs
StatePublished - May 24 2002
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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