Christopher Ruff

Research output

Research output per year 1980 2017 2024

• 157 Article
• 19 Chapter
• 11 Comment/debate
• 5 Editorial
• 9 More
  • 4 Review article
  • 2 Letter
  • 1 Book
  • 1 Foreword/postscript
  • 1 Conference article

Research output per year

Research output per year

Search results

• 2024

  Changes in diaphyseal cross-sectional properties with age in macaques

  Llera Martín, C. J. & Ruff, C. B., Feb 2024, In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 183, 2, e24857.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Macaca 100%
  • Bone Mineral Density 58%
  • bone 48%
  • covariance analysis 39%
  • Primates 33%

• The effects of the industrial transition on lower limb bone structure: A comparison of the inhabitants of Pecos Pueblo and present-day Indigenous peoples of New Mexico

  Ruff, C. B., Wallace, I. J., Toya, C., Muñoz, M. A. P., Meyer, J. V., Busby, T., Reynolds, A. Z., Martinez, J., Miller-Moore, M. & Rios, R., 2024, (Accepted/In press) In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Indigenous Peoples 100%
  • Pueblo 88%
  • inhabitant 68%
  • limb 67%
  • Sexual Dimorphism 65%
• 2023

  Adapting in the Arctic II: Upper limb diaphyseal robusticity and habitual activity in Late Holocene hunter-gatherers from Alaska

  Temple, D. H., Rosa, E., Hunt, D. R. & Ruff, C. B., Jul 2023, In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 181, 3, p. 392-412 21 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Late Holocene 100%
  • hunter-gatherer 72%
  • Hunter-gatherers 71%
  • Arctic 68%
  • Habitual 67%

• Effects of the energy balance transition on bone mass and strength

  Wallace, I. J., Toya, C., Peña Muñoz, M. A., Meyer, J. V., Busby, T., Reynolds, A. Z., Martinez, J., Thompson, T. T., Miller-Moore, M., Harris, A. R., Rios, R., Martinez, A., Jashashvili, T. & Ruff, C. B., Dec 2023, In: Scientific reports. 13, 1, 15204.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Bone and Bones 100%
  • Bone Fractures 73%
  • Indigenous Peoples 46%
  • Energy Intake 33%
  • Leg 27%

• Erratum: Long-term trends in human body size track regional variation in subsistence transitions and growth acceleration linked to dairying (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2023) 120 e2209482119) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209482119)

  Stock, J. T., Pomeroy, E., Ruff, C. B., Brown, M., Gasperetti, M. A., Li, F. J., Maher, L., Malone, C., Mushrif-Tripathy, V., Parkinson, E., Rivera, M., Siew, Y. Y., Stefanovic, S., Stoddart, S., Zarina, G. & Wells, J. C. K., Apr 2023, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 120, 14, e2209482119.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Dairying 100%
  • Body Size 71%
  • Acceleration 60%
  • Human Body 59%
  • Anthropology 40%

• Long-term trends in human body size track regional variation in subsistence transitions and growth acceleration linked to dairying

  Stock, J. T., Pomeroy, E., Ruff, C. B., Brown, M., Gasperetti, M. A., Li, F. J., Maher, L., Malone, C., Mushrif-Tripathy, V., Parkinson, E., Rivera, M., Siew, Y. Y., Stefanovic, S., Stoddart, S., Zarina, G. & Wells, J. C. K., Jan 24 2023, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 120, 4, e2209482119.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Dairying 100%
  • Lactase 87%
  • Domestication 73%
  • Body Size 71%
  • Acceleration 60%

• The estimation and evolution of hominin body mass

  Ruff, C. B. & Wood, B. A., Aug 2023, In: Evolutionary Anthropology. 32, 4, p. 223-237 15 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • brain 100%
  • uncertainty 88%
  • organization 69%
• 2022

  Body proportions and environmental adaptation in gorillas

  Ruff, C. B., Junno, J. A., Burgess, M. L., Canington, S. L., Harper, C., Mudakikwa, A. & McFarlin, S. C., Mar 2022, In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 177, 3, p. 501-529 29 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • limb 63%
  • Length 51%
  • Proportion 48%
  • infant 37%

• Bone structural data for the Denver longitudinal growth study

  Ruff, C. B., Jul 2022, In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 178, 3, p. 544-547 4 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Longitudinal Studies 100%
  • bone 97%
  • Anthropometrics 87%
  • adolescence 82%
  • Radiographs 78%

• Corrigendum to “Body mass estimation from footprint size in hominins” [Journal of Human Evolution 156 (2021)102997](S004724842100049X)(10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102997)

  Ruff, C. B., Wunderlich, R. E., Hatala, K. G., Tuttle, R. H., Hilton, C. E., D'Août, K., Webb, D. M., Hallgrímsson, B., Musiba, C. & Baksh, M., Feb 2022, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 163, 103110.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  • footprint 74%
  • sampling 13%

• Corrigendum to “Femur associated with the Deep Skull from the West Mouth of the Niah Caves (Sarawak, Malaysia)” [Journal of Human Evolution 127 (2019) 133–148](S0047248418301520)(10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.12.008)

  Curnoe, D., Datan, I., Goh, H. M., Sauffi, M. S. B. & Ruff, C. B., May 2022, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 166, 103176.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  • femur 84%
  • Borneo 84%
  • skull 81%
  • Malaysia 74%
  • mouth 58%

• Corrigendum to “Structure and composition of the Trinil femora: Functional and taxonomic implications” [Journal of Human Evolution 80 (2015) 147–158](S0047248414003042)(10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.12.004)

  Ruff, C. B., Puymerail, L., Macchiarelli, R., Sipla, J. & Ciochon, R. L., Feb 2022, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 163, 103109.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  • femur 84%
  • thighs 77%

• Effects of reduced mobility on trabecular bone density in captive big cats

  Chirchir, H., Ruff, C., Helgen, K. M. & Potts, R., 2022, In: Royal Society Open Science. 9, 3, 211345.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Cancellous Bone 100%
  • Bone Density 86%
  • Cats 80%
  • Bone and Bones 56%
  • Panthera 51%

• Predicting skeletal stature using ancient DNA

  Cox, S. L., Moots, H. M., Stock, J. T., Shbat, A., Bitarello, B. D., Nicklisch, N., Alt, K. W., Haak, W., Rosenstock, E., Ruff, C. B. & Mathieson, I., Jan 2022, In: American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 177, 1, p. 162-174 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Ancient DNA 100%
  • Femur 57%
  • Body Remains 53%
  • DNA 51%
  • Genome-Wide Association Study 43%

• Scaling and relative size of the human, nonhuman ape, and baboon calcaneus

  Harper, C. M., Ruff, C. B. & Sylvester, A. D., Jan 2022, In: Anatomical Record. 305, 1, p. 100-122 23 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Hominidae 100%
  • Calcaneus 97%
  • Papio 93%
  • Pongidae 93%
  • Body Size 66%

• Two Late Pleistocene human femora from Trinil, Indonesia: Implications for body size and behavior in Southeast Asia

  Ruff, C. B., Sylvester, A. D., Rahmawati, N. T., Suriyanto, R. A., Storm, P., Aubert, M., Joannes-Boyau, R., Berghuis, H., Pop, E., Batenburg, K. J., Coban, S. B., Kostenko, A., Noerwidi, S., Renema, W., Adhityatama, S. & Joordens, J. C., Nov 2022, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 172, 103252.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • femur 100%
  • Southeast Asia 96%
  • South East Asia 93%
  • Indonesia 82%
  • body size 75%
• 2021

  Adapting in the Arctic: Habitual activity and landscape interaction in Late Holocene hunter-gatherers from Alaska

  Temple, D. H., Rosa, E. R., Hunt, D. R. & Ruff, C. B., Sep 2021, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 176, 1, p. 3-20 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • coastal region 100%
  • Bays 88%
  • Arctic 77%
  • Sex Characteristics 51%
  • travel 14%

• Bilateral asymmetry and developmental plasticity of the humerus in modern humans

  Zelazny, K. G., Sylvester, A. D. & Ruff, C. B., Mar 2021, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 174, 3, p. 418-433 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Diaphyses 100%
  • Humerus 86%
  • asymmetry 77%
  • Functional Laterality 49%
  • Joints 41%

• Body mass estimation from footprint size in hominins

  Ruff, C. B., Wunderlich, R. E., Hatala, K. G., Tuttle, R. H., Hilton, C. E., D'Août, K., Webb, D. M., Hallgrímsson, B., Musiba, C. & Baksh, M., Jul 2021, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 156, 102997.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • footprint 87%
  • body mass index 39%
  • Homo 29%
  • sampling 23%
  • Homo sapiens 21%

• Calcaneal shape variation in humans, nonhuman primates, and early hominins

  Harper, C. M., Ruff, C. B. & Sylvester, A. D., Oct 2021, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 159, 103050.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • primate 100%
  • bipedalism 86%
  • Primates 83%
  • statistics 69%
  • dimensional analysis 66%

• Further analyses of the Deep Skull femur from Niah Caves, Malaysia

  Curnoe, D., Datan, I., Goh, H. M., Bin Sauffi, M. S. & Ruff, C. B., Dec 2021, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 161, 103089.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

• Gorilla calcaneal morphological variation and ecological divergence

  Harper, C. M., Ruff, C. B. & Sylvester, A. D., Jan 2021, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 174, 1, p. 49-65 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • divergence 64%
  • Calcaneus 32%
  • Joints 17%
  • statistics 16%

• Locomotion on the edge: Structural properties of the third metacarpal in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses and feral Assateague Island ponies

  Goldstein, D. M., Engiles, J. B., Rezabek, G. B. & Ruff, C. B., Apr 2021, In: Anatomical Record. 304, 4, p. 771-786 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • feral 100%
  • Quarter Horse 94%
  • racehorses 92%
  • metacarpus 87%
  • Metacarpal Bones 78%

• Locomotor Behavior and Body Mass of Paramys delicatus (Ischyromyidae, Rodentia) and Commentary on Other Early North American Paramyines

  Prufrock, K. A., Ruff, C. B. & Rose, K. D., Jun 2021, In: Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28, 2, p. 435-456 22 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Rodentia 100%
  • limbs (animal) 85%
  • limb 82%
  • squirrels 75%
  • Sciuridae 36%
• 2020

  Body mass estimation in hominins from humeral articular dimensions

  Ruff, C. B., Squyres, N. & Junno, J. A., Nov 1 2020, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 173, 3, p. 480-499 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Hominidae 100%
  • Lower Extremity 61%
  • Joints 54%
  • Humeral Head 49%
  • Bone and Bones 34%
  1 Scopus citations

• Skeletal ageing in Virunga mountain gorillas: Skeletal Aging in Mountain Gorillas

  Ruff, C. B., Junno, J. A., Eckardt, W., Gilardi, K., Mudakikwa, A. & McFarlin, S. C., Nov 1 2020, In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375, 1811, 20190606.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • Gorilla 86%
  • Wear 62%
  • mountains 55%
  • Metabolic 54%
  1 Scopus citations
• 2019

  Bioarchaeology of Neolithic Çatalhöyük reveals fundamental transitions in health, mobility, and lifestyle in early farmers

  Larsen, C. S., Knüsel, C. J., Haddow, S. D., Pilloud, M. A., Milella, M., Sadvari, J. W., Pearson, J., Ruff, C. B., Garofalo, E. M., Bocaege, E., Betz, B. J., Dori, I. & Glencross, B., 2019, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116, 26, p. 12615-12623 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Archaeology 100%
  • Health Transition 91%
  • Farmers 70%
  • Life Style 49%
  • Agriculture 46%
  21 Scopus citations

• Effects of age and body proportions on stature estimation

  Ruff, C. B., Niskanen, M., Maijanen, H. & Mays, S., Feb 2019, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 168, 2, p. 370-377 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Lower Extremity 100%
  • Bass 36%
  • Body Remains 31%
  • Bone and Bones 29%
  • Population 9%
  1 Scopus citations

• Genetic contributions to variation in human stature in prehistoric Europe

  Cox, S. L., Ruff, C. B., Maier, R. M. & Mathieson, I., Oct 22 2019, In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116, 43, p. 21484-21492 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Ancient DNA 100%
  • Body Remains 79%
  • Calcaneus 39%
  • Sitting Position 32%
  • Plastics 30%
  19 Scopus citations

• Long bone structural proportions and locomotor behavior in Cercopithecidae

  Ruff, C. B., Harper, C. M., Goldstein, D. M., Daegling, D. J. & McGraw, W. S., Jul 2019, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 132, p. 47-60 14 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cercopithecidae 100%
  • thighs 76%
  • bones 63%
  • strength (mechanics) 63%
  • bone 60%
  3 Scopus citations

• Relative fibular strength and locomotor behavior in KNM-WT 15000 and OH 35

  Marchi, D., Harper, C. M., Chirchir, H. & Ruff, C. B., Jun 2019, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 131, p. 48-60 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • standard deviation 100%
  • Pongidae 84%
  • endurance 60%
  • Pongo pygmaeus 46%
  • indication 45%
  5 Scopus citations

• The association between knee breadth and body mass: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 case study

  Keisu, A., Oura, P., Niskanen, M., Ruff, C. B., Niinimäki, J., Arvola, T., Auvinen, J., Tuukkanen, J., Lehenkari, P. & Junno, J. A., Oct 1 2019, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 170, 2, p. 196-206 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Finland 100%
  • body weight 74%
  • Knee 73%
  • Parturition 64%
  • Body Weight 32%
  1 Scopus citations
• 2018

  Articular scaling and body mass estimation in platyrrhines and catarrhines: Modern variation and application to fossil anthropoids

  Perry, J. M. G., Cooke, S. B., Runestad Connour, J. A., Burgess, M. L. & Ruff, C. B., Feb 2018, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 115, p. 20-35 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • scaling 94%
  • fossils 92%
  • fossil 65%
  • humerus 36%
  • reference sample 35%
  10 Scopus citations

• Body mass estimation in hominoids: Age and locomotor effects

  Burgess, M. L., McFarlin, S. C., Mudakikwa, A., Cranfield, M. R. & Ruff, C. B., Feb 2018, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 115, p. 36-46 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Hominidae 100%
  • scaling 21%
  • humerus 18%
  • reference sample 17%
  • effect 17%
  10 Scopus citations

• Functional morphology in the pages of the AJPA

  Ruff, C. B., Apr 2018, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 165, 4, p. 688-704 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access
  1 Scopus citations

• Introduction to special issue: Body mass estimation — Methodological issues and fossil applications

  Ruff, C. B. & Niskanen, M., Feb 2018, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 115, p. 1-7 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
  6 Scopus citations

• Long bone diaphyseal shape follows different ontogenetic trajectories in captive and wild gorillas

  Canington, S. L., Sylvester, A. D., Burgess, M. L., Junno, J. A. & Ruff, C. B., Oct 2018, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 167, 2, p. 366-376 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • Bone and Bones 40%
  • phylogeny 23%
  • Hominidae 17%
  • Extremities 9%
  6 Scopus citations

• Lower limb articular scaling and body mass estimation in Pliocene and Pleistocene hominins

  Ruff, C. B., Burgess, M. L., Squyres, N., Junno, J. A. & Trinkaus, E., Feb 2018, In: Journal of Human Evolution. 115, p. 85-111 27 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • scaling 94%
  • Homo 92%
  • limbs (animal) 87%
  • limb 84%
  • Pliocene 80%
  28 Scopus citations

• Of mice and men (and women): Comment on Peacock et al., 2018

  Ruff, C. B., Warden, S. J. & Carlson, K. J., Sep 2018, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 167, 1, p. 185-189 5 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter › peer-review
  3 Scopus citations

• Phylogenetic and environmental effects on limb bone structure in gorillas

  Ruff, C. B., Burgess, M. L., Junno, J. A., Mudakikwa, A., Zollikofer, C. P. E., de Leóon, M. S. P. & McFarlin, S. C., Jun 2018, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 166, 2, p. 353-372 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • Extremities 49%
  • phylogeny 47%
  • Bone and Bones 40%
  • Phylogeny 16%
  9 Scopus citations
• 2017

  A radiographic study of permanent molar development in wild Virunga mountain gorillas of known chronological age from Rwanda

  Kralick, A. E., Loring Burgess, M., Glowacka, H., Arbenz-Smith, K., McGrath, K., Ruff, C. B., Chan, K. C., Cranfield, M. R., Stoinski, T. S., Bromage, T. G., Mudakikwa, A. & McFarlin, S. C., May 2017, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 163, 1, p. 129-147 19 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Gorilla gorilla 100%
  • Rwanda 96%
  • Hominidae 35%
  • Crowns 29%
  • Life History Traits 20%
  9 Scopus citations

• Body Size and Shape Reconstruction

  Niskanen, M. & Ruff, C. B., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 15-37 23 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Body Size 100%
  • Vertical Dimension 17%
  • History 9%
  3 Scopus citations

• Britain

  Ruff, C. B., Garofalo, E. & Niinimäki, S., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 209-240 32 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Body Size 100%
  • Social Conditions 99%
  • England 85%
  • Tibia 85%
  • Sample Size 76%

• Central Europe

  Sládek, V., Berner, M., Makajevová, E., Velemínský, P., Hora, M. & Ruff, C. B., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 315-354 40 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Thigh 100%
  • Arm 36%
  • Leg 33%
  • Body Mass Index 29%
  • Population 16%
  2 Scopus citations

• Computed tomographic analysis of the internal structure of the metacarpals and its implications for hand use, pathology, and surgical intervention

  Wong, A. L., Meals, C. G. & Ruff, C. B., Mar 24 2017, (Accepted/In press) In: Anatomical Science International. p. 1-7 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Surgical Pathology 100%
  • Metacarpal Bones 98%
  • Thumb 68%
  • Hand 60%
  • Diaphyses 25%
  5 Scopus citations

• Conclusions

  Ruff, C. B., Holt, B., Niskanen, M., Sládek, V. & Berner, M., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 419-426 8 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Body Size 100%
  • Lower Extremity 35%
  • Bone and Bones 25%
  • Population 16%

• Full skeleton stature estimation

  Raxter, M. H. & Ruff, C. B., Jan 1 2017, New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification. Elsevier, p. 105-113 9 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • estimation procedure 100%
  • history 39%
  2 Scopus citations

• Iberia

  Ruff, C. B. & Garvin, H., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 281-314 34 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Body Size 100%
  • Water Resources 73%
  • Canes 61%
  • Ice 51%
  • Sex Characteristics 40%

• Introduction

  Ruff, C. B., Dec 19 2017, Skeletal Variation and Adaptation in Europeans: Upper Paleolithic to the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell, p. 1-13 13 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Body Size 100%
  • Bone and Bones 41%
  • Human Body 16%
  • Sex Characteristics 16%
  • Upper Extremity 15%
  1 Scopus citations

• Low trabecular bone density in recent sedentary modern humans

  Chirchir, H., Ruff, C. B., Junno, J. A. & Potts, R., Mar 1 2017, In: American journal of physical anthropology. 162, 3, p. 550-560 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Metabolic Bone Diseases 100%
  • Cancellous Bone 96%
  • Bone and Bones 54%
  • Upper Extremity 47%
  • agricultural population 37%
  29 Scopus citations